Ang multipurpose internet mail extension, o uri ng MIME, ay isang pamantayan sa internet na naglalarawan sa mga nilalaman ng mga file sa internet batay sa kanilang mga likas at format. Tinutulungan ng pag-catalog na ito ang browser na buksan ang file gamit ang naaangkop na extension o plugin. Bagama't kasama sa termino ang salitang "mail" para sa electronic mail, ginagamit din ito para sa mga web page.
Pagtukoy sa Mga Uri ng MIME
Ang mga uri ng MIME ay naglalaman ng dalawang bahagi: isang uri at isang sub-uri.
- Ang type ay naglalarawan sa pagkakategorya ng mga uri ng MIME na naka-link sa isa't isa.
- Sa kabilang banda, ang subtype ay natatangi sa isang partikular na uri ng file na bahagi ng uri.
Narito ang uri ng MIME para sa HTML:
text/html
Tinutukoy ang mga uri ng MIME sa HTML ayon sa katangian ng uri sa mga link, bagay, at script at tag ng istilo.
Pagkilala sa Mga Uri ng MIME
Ang pagsunod ay isang listahan ng karamihan sa mga uri ng MIME, ang mga extension ng file nito, at ang mga application na gumagamit ng mga ito. Maraming mga computer ang gumagamit ng mga extension ng file upang matukoy ang mga uri ng file. Kaya, kung mayroon kang file na may kakaibang extension sa iyong website, maaari mong hanapin ang uri ng MIME sa listahang ito.
May mga uri na may prefix na X, at ang ilan ay may prefix na VND. Ang mga prefix na ito, ayon sa pagkakabanggit, ay tumutukoy sa mga sub-type na hindi nakalista sa Internet Assigned Numbers Authority o mga value na partikular sa isang vendor.
Mga Uri ng MIME: Mga Application
Narito ang isang malawak na listahan ng mga uri ng MIME ayon sa application at extension ng file.
| Application | Uri ng MIME | Extension ng File |
|---|---|---|
| Corel Envoy | application/envoy | evy |
| fractal image file | application/fractals | fif |
| Windows print spool file | application/futuresplash | spl |
| HTML application | application/hta | hta |
| Atari ST Program | application/internet-property-stream | acx |
| BinHex na naka-encode na file | application/mac-binhex40 | hqx |
| Dokumento ng salita | application/msword | doc |
| Template ng dokumento ng salita | application/msword | tuldok |
| Binary file | application/octet-stream | |
| binary disk image | application/octet-stream | bin |
| Java class file | application/octet-stream | class |
| Larawan sa Disk Masher | application/octet-stream | dms |
| executable file | application/octet-stream | exe |
| LHARC compressed archive | application/octet-stream | lha |
| LZH naka-compress na file | application/octet-stream | lzh |
| CALS raster na larawan | application/oda | oda |
| ActiveX script | application/olescript | axs |
| Acrobat file | application/pdf | |
| Outlook profile file | application/pics-rules | prf |
| file ng kahilingan sa sertipiko | application/pkcs10 | p10 |
| file ng listahan ng pagbawi ng sertipiko | application/pkix-crl | crl |
| Adobe Illustrator file | application/postscript | ai |
| postscript file | application/postscript | eps |
| postscript file | application/postscript | ps |
| rich text format file | application/rtf | rtf |
| itakda ang pagsisimula ng pagbabayad | application/set-payment-initiation | setpay |
| set registration initiation | application/set-registration-initiation | setreg |
| Excel Add-in file | application/vnd.ms-excel | xla |
| Excel chart | application/vnd.ms-excel | xlc |
| Excel macro | application/vnd.ms-excel | xlm |
| Excel spreadsheet | application/vnd.ms-excel | xls |
| Template ng Excel | application/vnd.ms-excel | xlt |
| Excel workspace | application/vnd.ms-excel | xlw |
| Mensahe ng Outlook sa mail | application/vnd.ms-outlook | msg |
| serialized certificate store file | application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore | sst |
| Windows catalog file | application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat | cat |
| stereolithography file | application/vnd.ms-pkistl | stl |
| PowerPoint template | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | pot |
| PowerPoint slide show | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | pps |
| PowerPoint presentation | application/vnd.ms-powerpoint | ppt |
| Microsoft Project file | application/vnd.ms-project | mpp |
| WordPerfect macro | application/vnd.ms-works | wcm |
| Microsoft Works database | application/vnd.ms-works | wdb |
| Microsoft Works spreadsheet | application/vnd.ms-works | linggo |
| Microsoft Works word processor document | application/vnd.ms-works | wps |
| Windows help file | application/winhlp | hlp |
| binary CPIO archive | application/x-bcpio | bcpio |
| computable document format file | application/x-cdf | cdf |
| Unix compressed file | application/x-compress | z |
| gzipped tar file | application/x-compressed | tgz |
| archive ng Unix CPIO | application/x-cpio | cpio |
| Photoshop custom shapes file | application/x-csh | csh |
| Kodak RAW image file | application/x-director | dcr |
| Pelikula ng Adobe Director | application/x-director | dir |
| Pelikula ng Direktor ng Macromedia | application/x-director | dxr |
| device independent format file | application/x-dvi | dvi |
| Gnu tar archive | application/x-gtar | gtar |
| Gnu zipped archive | application/x-gzip | gz |
| hierarchical data format file | application/x-hdf | hdf |
| file ng mga setting ng internet | application/x-internet-signup | in |
| IIS internet service provider settings | application/x-internet-signup | isp |
| ARC+ architectural file | application/x-iphone | iii |
| JavaScript file | application/x-javascript | js |
| LaTex document | application/x-latex | latex |
| Microsoft Access database | application/x-msaccess | mdb |
| Windows CardSpace file | application/x-mscardfile | crd |
| CrazyTalk clip file | application/x-msclip | clp |
| dynamic link library | application/x-msdownload | dll |
| Microsoft media viewer file | application/x-msmediaview | m13 |
| Steuer2001 file | application/x-msmediaview | m14 |
| multimedia viewer book source file | application/x-msmediaview | mvb |
| Windows meta file | application/x-msmetafile | wmf |
| Microsoft Money file | application/x-msmoney | mny |
| Microsoft Publisher file | application/x-mspublisher | pub |
| Listahan ng iskedyul ng buwis sa Turbo Tax | application/x-msschedule | scd |
| FTR media file | application/x-msterminal | trm |
| Microsoft Write file | application/x-mswrite | wri |
| computable document format file | application/x-netcdf | cdf |
| Mastercam numerical control file | application/x-netcdf | nc |
| format ng archive ng mga MSX computer | application/x-perfmon | pma |
| performance monitor counter file | application/x-perfmon | pmc |
| process monitor log file | application/x-perfmon | pml |
| Avid persistent media record file | application/x-perfmon | pmr |
| Pegasus Mail draft na nakaimbak na mensahe | application/x-perfmon | pmw |
| file ng pagpapalitan ng personal na impormasyon | application/x-pkcs12 | p12 |
| PKCS 12 certificate file | application/x-pkcs12 | pfx |
| PKCS 7 certificate file | application/x-pkcs7-certificates | p7b |
| software publisher certificate file | application/x-pkcs7-certificates | spc |
| file ng pagtugon sa kahilingan ng sertipiko | application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp | p7r |
| PKCS 7 certificate file | application/x-pkcs7-mime | p7c |
| digital na naka-encrypt na mensahe | application/x-pkcs7-mime | p7m |
| digitally signed email message | application/x-pkcs7-signature | p7s |
| Bash shell script | application/x-sh | sh |
| Unix shar archive | application/x-shar | shar |
| Flash file | application/x-shockwave-flash | swf |
| Stuffit archive file | application/x-stuffit | umupo |
| system 5 release 4 CPIO file | application/x-sv4cpio | sv4cpio |
| system 5 release 4 CPIO checksum data | application/x-sv4crc | sv4crc |
| pinagsama-samang Unix file archive | application/x-tar | tar |
| Tcl script | application/x-tcl | tcl |
| LaTeX source na dokumento | application/x-tex | tex |
| LaTeX na dokumento ng impormasyon | application/x-texinfo | texi |
| LaTeX na dokumento ng impormasyon | application/x-texinfo | texinfo |
| hindi naka-format na manual page | application/x-troff | roff |
| Turing source code file | application/x-troff | t |
| TomeRaider 2 ebook file | application/x-troff | tr |
| Manwal ng Unix | application/x-troff-man | lalaki |
| readme text file | application/x-troff-me | ako |
| 3ds Max script file | application/x-troff-ms | ms |
| uniform standard tape archive format file | application/x-ustar | ustar |
| source code | application/x-wais-source | src |
| internet security certificate | application/x-x509-ca-cert | cer |
| security certificate | application/x-x509-ca-cert | crt |
| DER certificate file | application/x-x509-ca-cert | der |
| public key security object | application/ynd.ms-pkipko | pko |
| zipped file | application/zip | zip |
Mga Uri ng MIME: Mga Sound File
Ang listahang ito ay nagdedetalye ng mga karaniwang uri ng MIME ng sound file ayon sa extension ng file at application.
| Application | Uri ng MIME | Extension ng File |
|---|---|---|
| audio file | audio/basic | au |
| sound file | audio/basic | snd |
| midi file | audio/mid | mid |
| media processing server studio | audio/mid | rmi |
| MP3 file | audio/mpeg | mp3 |
| format ng audio interchange file | audio/x-aiff | aif |
| compressed audio interchange file | audio/x-aiff | aifc |
| format ng audio interchange file | audio/x-aiff | aiff |
| media playlist file | audio/x-mpegurl | m3u |
| Real Audio file | audio/x-pn-realaudio | ra |
| Real Audio metadata file | audio/x-pn-realaudio | ram |
| WAVE audio file | audio/x-wav | wav |
Mga Uri ng MIME: Mga Image File
Ang mga file ng larawan ay dumarating din sa iba't ibang uri ng MIME ayon sa aplikasyon.
| Application | Uri ng MIME | Extension ng File |
|---|---|---|
| Bitmap | image/bmp | bmp |
| compiled source code | image/cis-cod | cod |
| graphic interchange format | image/gif | gif |
| file ng larawan | image/ief | ief |
| JPEG na larawan | image/jpeg | jpe |
| JPEG na larawan | image/jpeg | jpeg |
| JPEG na larawan | image/jpeg | jpg |
| format ng pagpapalitan ng JPEG file | image/pipeg | jfif |
| scalable vector graphic | image/svg+xml | svg |
| TIF na larawan | image/tiff | tif |
| TIF na larawan | image/tiff | tiff |
| Sun raster graphic | image/x-cmu-raster | ras |
| Corel metafile exchange image file | larawan/x-cmx | cmx |
| icon | image/x-icon | ico |
| portable anumang larawan sa mapa | image/x-portable-anymap | pnm |
| portable bitmap image | image/x-portable-bitmap | pbm |
| portable na larawan ng graymap | image/x-portable-graymap | pgm |
| portable na larawan ng pixmap | image/x-portable-pixmap | ppm |
| RGB bitmap | image/x-rgb | rgb |
| X11 bitmap | image/x-xbitmap | xbm |
| X11 pixmap | image/x-xpixmap | xpm |
| X-Windows dump image | image/x-xwindowdump | xwd |
Mga Uri ng MIME: Mail Message Files
May mga file ng mensaheng mail sa mga uri ng MIME at extension ng file na ito.
| Application | Uri ng MIME | Extension ng File |
|---|---|---|
| MHTML web archive | message/rfc822 | mht |
| MIME HTML file | message/rfc822 | mhtml |
| Windows Live Mail newsgroup file | message/rfc822 | nws |
Mga Uri ng MIME: Mga Text File
Maaari kang makatagpo ng mga text file sa mga sumusunod na uri ng MIME at sa mga pamilyar na extension ng file na ito.
| Application | Uri ng MIME | Extension ng File |
|---|---|---|
| Cascading Style Sheet | text/css | css |
| H.323 internet telephony file | text/h323 | 323 |
| HTML file | text/html | htm |
| HTML file | text/html | html |
| Exchange streaming media file | text/html | stm |
| NetMeeting user location service file | text/iuls | uls |
| BASIC source code file | text/plain | bas |
| C/C++ source code file | text/plain | c |
| C/C++/Objective C header file | text/plain | h |
| text file | text/plain | txt |
| rich text file | text/richtext | rtx |
| Scitext continuous tone file | text/scriptlet | sct |
| tab separated values file | text/tab-separated-values | tsv |
| hypertext template file | text/webviewhtml | htt |
| HTML component file | text/x-component | htc |
| TeX font encoding file | text/x-setext | etx |
| vCard file | text/x-vcard | vcf |
Mga Uri ng MIME: Mga Video File
Inililista ng talahanayang ito ang mga uri ng MIME ng video file at mga karaniwang ginagamit na application.
| Application | Uri ng MIME | Extension ng File |
|---|---|---|
| MPEG-2 audio file | video/mpeg | mp2 |
| MPEG-2 audio file | video/mpeg | mpa |
| MPEG na file ng pelikula | video/mpeg | mpe |
| MPEG na file ng pelikula | video/mpeg | mpeg |
| MPEG na file ng pelikula | video/mpeg | mpg |
| MPEG-2 video stream | video/mpeg | mpv2 |
| MPEG-4 | video/mp4 | mp4 |
| Pelikula ng Apple QuickTime | video/quicktime | mov |
| Pelikula ng Apple QuickTime | video/quicktime | qt |
| Logos library system file | video/x-la-asf | lsf |
| streaming media shortcut | video/x-la-asf | lsx |
| advanced system format file | video/x-ms-asf | asf |
| ActionScript remote na dokumento | video/x-ms-asf | asr |
| Microsoft ASF redirector file | video/x-ms-asf | asx |
| audio video interleave file | video/x-msvideo | avi |
| Pelikula ng Apple QuickTime | video/x-sgi-movie | pelikula |
Mga Uri ng MIME: Virtual World Files
Ang listahang ito ay sumasaklaw sa virtual world file na mga uri ng MIME ayon sa aplikasyon.
| Application | Uri ng MIME | Extension ng File |
|---|---|---|
| Flare decompiled actionscript file | x-world/x-vrml | flr |
| VRML file | x-world/x-vrml | vrml |
| VRML world | x-world/x-vrml | wrl |
| compressed VRML world | x-world/x-vrml | wrz |
| 3ds max XML animation file | x-world/x-vrml | xaf |
| Reality Lab 3D image file | x-world/x-vrml | xof |
FAQ
Paano nakikitungo ang mga browser sa hindi kilalang mga uri ng data ng MIME?
Kung nag-uulat ang isang server ng hindi kilalang uri ng MIME, hindi maipapakita ng iyong browser ang nilalaman nang maayos. Susubukan ng ilang browser na hulaan ang uri ng MIME, na maaaring magresulta sa hindi inaasahang pag-uugali. Ipapakita ng ibang mga browser ang hindi kilalang content bilang plain text o hindi talaga.
Ano ang S/MIME?
Ang S/MIME ay nangangahulugang Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. Isa itong pamantayan sa pag-encrypt na magagamit mo upang i-encrypt ang mga email sa Gmail at iba pang mga email client na sumusuporta dito. Ang pagpapagana sa S/MIME ay nagbibigay-daan sa iyong mag-digitally sign ng mga email para ma-verify na ikaw ang lehitimong nagpadala ng mensahe.
